Phekolo ea Metsi a Litšila ea Pulp le Paper
Khopolo ea ho hloekisa metsi a litšila ka indasteri ea pampiri le pampiri
Indasteri ea makhasi le pampiri ke e 'ngoe ea bareki ba metsi ba kholo ka ho fetisisa makaleng a liindasteri, e hlahisang metsi a mangata a litšila nakong ea ts'ebetso ea ho hula, ho soeufatsa le ho etsa pampiri. Metsi a litšila a na le lintho tse ngata tse phelang, lik'hemik'hale tse sebelisoang ho lokisa (mohlala, lignin, metsoako ea chlorinated le dae), le limatlafatsi. Sepheo se seholo sa ho hloekisa metsi a litšila indastering ena ke ho tlosa litšila tse kang lintho tse phelang, lintho tse tiileng tse emisitsoeng, le lik'hemik'hale tse chefo ho netefatsa hore metsi a ntšitsoeng a finyella litekanyetso tsa tikoloho, ho lumella ho tsosolosoa le ho sebelisoa hape ha metsi a hloekisitsoeng nakong ea ts'ebetso.
1 Litšobotsi tsa ho hloekisa metsi a litšila indastering ea Pulp le pampiri
1. Moroalo o Phahameng oa Likokoana-hloko: Metsi a litšila a makhasi le pampiri a na le lintho tse ngata tse phelang, tse kang likhoele tsa lehong, selulose, le lignin, tse tlatsetsang maemong a phahameng a Keketseho ea Oxygen Demand (COD) le Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD).
2. Ho ba teng ha Metsoako ea Chefo le ea Recalcitrant: Metsoako ea chlorinated organic compounds, phenolic compounds, le resin acids ho tloha lits'ebetsong tsa pulping le bleaching li tloaelehile metsing a litšila. Hangata metsoako ena e chefo, ha e chefo, 'me e hloka phekolo e khethehileng hore e tlosoe.
3. Li-Suspended Solids tse Phahameng ka ho Fetisisa: Hangata metsi a litšila a na le palo e kholo ea lintho tse tiileng tse emisitsoeng, ho akarelletsa le likhoele tsa cellulose le lintho tse ling, tse lokelang ho tlosoa ho thibela ho koala le ho senya mekhoa ea phekolo e tlaase.
4. Mathata a Mebala le Monko: Ho ba teng ha lignin le dae ho ka fella ka metsi a litšila a mebala, a sa rateheng le a kotsi tikolohong. Monko o matla o tsoang ho metsoako e nang le sebabole (haholo-holo ho tloha kraft pulping) le eona e tloaelehile.
5. Limatlafatsi: Metsi a litšila a ka 'na a ba le nitrogen le phosphorus, haholo-holo litšila tse tsoang ho lik'hemik'hale, tse ka tlatsetsang tšilafalong ea limatlafatsi ho fumana mehloli ea metsi.
6. Phallo e Fetohang le Sebopeho: Ho itšetlehile ka sethala sa ts'ebetso (mohlala, pulping kapa bleaching), litšobotsi tsa metsi a litšila li ka fapana haholo ho latela phallo, pH, mocheso, le likhahla tse silafetseng.
Litšobotsi tsa mokhoa oa ho hloekisa metsi a litšila a Pulp le pampiri
1. Kalafo ea Pele: Mokhahlelo oa pele oa phekolo o atisa ho kenyelletsa karohano ea mechine ho tlosa lintho tse tiileng tse emisitsoeng ka ho hlahloba, ho senya, kapa ho phaphamala. Likhoele tse kholo, lithōle, le likaroloana tse tiileng lia tlosoa, ho fokotsa moroalo lits'ebetsong tse tlase.
2. Kalafo ea Bobeli (Phekolo ea Likokoana-hloko): Mokhahlelo ona o shebane le ho senyeha ha lintho tsa tlhaho. Lits'ebetso tsa sludge tse sebetsang kapa mekhoa ea MBBR hangata e sebelisoa ho fokotsa maemo a BOD le COD. Ts'ebetso ea MBBR, haholo-holo, e sebelisa biofilm mecheng ea litaba ho ntlafatsa tšenyeho ea likokoana-hloko tsa metsoako e rarahaneng e fumanoang metsing a litšila a pampiri. Kalafo ea anaerobic e ka boela ea sebelisoa ho senya lintho tse phelang le ho fokotsa tšebeliso ea matla, haholo-holo litšila tse matla haholo.
3. Kalafo ea Thuto e Phahameng: Mekhoa e tsoetseng pele ea phekolo e kang coagulation-flocculation, ozonation, kapa activated carbon filtration e sebelisoa ho tlosa metsoako ea recalcitrant, mebala le litšila leha e le life tse setseng. Sesefa sa Membrane kapa mekhoa e tsoetseng pele ea oxidation (AOPs) e ka sebelisoa ho tlosa likokoana-hloko tse nyenyane kapa ho ntlafatsa ho hlaka ha metsi le boleng ba ho sebelisoa hape.
4. Ho sebetsana le Sludge: Indasteri e hlahisa seretse se sengata ka lebaka la bongata bo bongata ba lintho tse tiileng le lintho tse phelang metsing a litšila. Matlakala a tlameha ho hlakolwa mme a hlwekiswe pele a lahlwa ka tsela e bolokehileng kapa a sebediswa hape (mohlala, ha o fumana matla).
Litlhoko tse Khethehileng tsa MBBR Media ha e sebelisoa ho Biological Aeration Tanks bakeng sa Pulp le indasteri ea pampiri kalafo ea metsi a litšila.
1. Sebaka se Phahameng sa Bokaholimo bakeng sa Khōlo ea Biofilm: Ho fanoe ka mojaro o phahameng oa lintho tse phelang metsing a litšila le pampiri, mecha ea litaba ea MBBR e tlameha ho fana ka sebaka se seholo sa ho hōla ha likokoana-hloko tsa likokoana-hloko. Sena se lumella ho senyeha ho nepahetseng ha lintho tse rarahaneng tse kang lignin le cellulose.
2. Ho hanyetsa ho Fouling le Fibers: Metsi a litšila a na le likhoele le lintho tse tiileng tse emisitsoeng tse ka bakang ho silafala ha mecha ea litaba ea MBBR. Mecha ea litaba e lokela ho ba le moralo o hananang le ho koaloa ke likhoele le ho netefatsa ts'ebetso e tsitsitseng ntle le tlhokomelo kapa ho hloekisa khafetsa.
3. Mamello ho Mejaro e Phahameng ea Likokoana-hloko: Biofilm ea mecha ea litaba ea MBBR e tlameha ho khona ho sebetsana le metsoako e phahameng ea metsoako ea tlhaho ntle le ho sithabela. Mecha ea litaba e lokela ho khothaletsa kholo ea likokoana-hloko tse ka senyang metsoako e ka senyehang habonolo le e sa tsitsang joalo ka lignin le chlorinated organics.
4. Ho tšoarella ha Maemo a Mathata: Mecha ea litaba ea MBBR e tlameha ho tsitsisa lik'hemik'hale le ho tšoarella maemong a sa tšoaneng a metsi a litšila, ho kenyelletsa le ho feto-fetoha ha pH, mocheso le libaka tse silafetseng. Mecha ea litaba e lokela ho hanana le kutu ho tsoa maemong a asiti kapa a alkaline.
5. Phetisetso e Atlehileng ea Oksijene: Ho fetisoa ha oksijene ho bohlokoa haholo litanka tsa aeration tsa likokoana-hloko, haholo-holo bakeng sa mekhoa ea ho senyeha ha aerobic. Mecha ea litaba ea MBBR e lokela ho khothalletsa motsoako o motle le ho etsa bonnete ba hore oksijene e ajoa ka ho lekana ho pholletsa le biofilm ho tšehetsa likokoana-hloko tsa aerobic ho senya litšila.
6. Tšehetso bakeng sa Kalafo ea Anaerobic le Aerobic: Maemong a mang, phekolo ea aerobic le ea anaerobic e sebelisoa ho hloekisa metsi a litšila le pampiri. Mecha ea litaba ea MBBR e kanna ea hloka ho ts'ehetsa lichaba tse fapaneng tsa likokoana-hloko ho latela sethala sa kalafo, ho etsa hore ho feto-fetoha ha mecha ea litaba ho be bohlokoa.
Qetello
Indasteri ea makhasi le pampiri e hlahisa metsi a litšila a mangata a nang le lintho tse ngata tsa tlhaho, lintho tse tiileng tse emisitsoeng, le lik'hemik'hale tse recalcitrant tse hlokang kalafo e sebetsang ho fokotsa tšusumetso ea tikoloho. Ts'ebetso ea kalafo ka kakaretso e kenyelletsa mekhoa ea mantlha, ea bobeli (baeloji) le ea thuto e phahameng ea ho tlosa litšila, ho fokotsa COD le BOD, le ho rarolla mathata a 'mala le monko. Theknoloji ea MBBR e loketse hantle bakeng sa phekolo ea likokoana-hloko indastering ena ka lebaka la bokhoni ba eona ba ho sebetsana le lintho tse ngata tsa tlhaho le metsoako e rarahaneng. Leha ho le joalo, katleho ea litsamaiso tsa MBBR ho makhasi le kalafo ea metsi a litšila ea pampiri e itšetlehile ka litšobotsi tsa mecha ea phatlalatso e sebelisoang. Mecha ea litaba ea MBBR e tlameha ho fana ka sebaka se phahameng bakeng sa kholo ea biofilm, ho hanela ho silafala, ho mamella maemo a thata a metsi a litšila, le ho ts'ehetsa phetisetso e nepahetseng ea oksijene. Ka ho khetha mecha ea litaba ea MBBR e loketseng, indasteri e ka fumana phekolo e nepahetseng ea metsi a litšila, ho netefatsa hore ho latela melao ea tikoloho le ho nolofalletsa metsi ho sebelisoa hape ka har'a setsi.