Phekolo ea Metsi a Hloekileng ea Matla a Matla
Motlakase oa ho hloekisa metsi a litšila Khopolo
Phekolo ea metsi a litšila ea feme ea motlakase e kenyelletsa ho laola le ho alafa litšila tse fapaneng tse hlahisoang nakong ea phepelo ea motlakase, haholoholo ho tsoa lits'ebetsong tse pholileng, likarolo tsa flue gas desulfurization (FGD), ho putlama ha boiler le lits'ebetso tsa ho hloekisa lik'hemik'hale. Litšila tsena li na le lintho tse silafatsang tse kang litšepe tse boima, lintho tse tiileng tse emisitsoeng, limatlafatsi le metsoako ea lintho tse phelang, tse tlamehang ho tšoaroa ho latela melao ea tikoloho le ho fokotsa tšusumetso ea tikoloho. Sepheo sa mantlha sa ho hloekisa metsi a litšila a setsi sa motlakase ke ho tlosa litšila, ho sebelisa metsi hape moo ho khonehang, le ho netefatsa ho qhalloa ho bolokehileng ha litšila tse hloekisitsoeng.
Litšobotsi tsa ho hloekisa metsi a litšila a Power plant
1. Matla a Phahameng a Suspended: Metsi a litšila a tsoang lifemeng tse fehlang motlakase, haholo-holo metsi a pholisang le litšila tsa FGD, hangata a na le metsoako e phahameng ea lintho tse tiileng tse emisitsoeng, ho kenyeletsoa li-oxide tsa tšepe, silt le particulate matter.
2. Ho ba Teng ha Litšepe Tse Boima: Metsi a litšila a semela sa motlakase a ka ba le lirafshoa tse kang mercury, arsenic, selenium, le lead, tse kotsi tikolohong le bophelong ba batho. Hangata tsena li tsoa lits'ebetsong tsa ho chesa mashala kapa tšebeliso ea li-flue gas scrubbers.
3. Metsoako ea Letsoai le Lekhalo: Ho foqoha ha metsi le tora e pholisang ho ka ba le matsoai a mangata a qhibilihileng, calcium, magnesium le silica, e lebisang mathateng a ho phahamisa. Letsoai le phahameng le ka thatafatsa mekhoa ea phekolo ea likokoana-hloko.
4. Moroalo o Monyenyane oa Likokoana-hloko: Ha ho bapisoa le metsi a litšila a liindasteri tse ling, metsi a litšila a fektheri hangata a na le likhahla tse fokolang tsa lintho tse phelang, tse nang le Chelete e tlaase ea Oxygen Demand (COD) le Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD). Leha ho le joalo, ho ka 'na ha e-ba le palo e itseng ea oli le mafura ho tsoa mochining kapa ho hloekisa lisebelisoa.
5. Mocheso o Phahameng: Metsi a litšila a tsoang lits'ebetsong tsa ho pholile le ho phatloha ha boiler a ka ba mocheso o phahameng, o ka amang ts'ebetso ea mekhoa ea phekolo ea likokoana-hloko.
Litšobotsi tsa ts'ebetso ea ho hloekisa metsi a litšila tsa semela sa Matla
1. Kalafo ea Mathomo: Mokhahlelo ona o kenyelletsa mekhoa ea 'mele le ea lik'hemik'hale ho tlosa lihlahisoa tse kholoanyane le ho fetola pH. Lisebelisoa, litanka tsa sedimentation, le li-filters li atisa ho sebelisoa ho tlosa lintho tse tiileng tse emisitsoeng. Maemong a mang, ho nolofatsa kalaka kapa coagulation-flocculation ho sebelisoa ho tlosa litšepe tse boima le metsoako e meng ea precipitable.
2. Phekolo ea Bobeli (Phekolo ea Likokoana-hloko): Mekhoa ea phekolo ea likokoana-hloko, tse kang Moving-Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) kapa li-sludge systems tse kentsoeng, li sebelisetsoa ho nyenyefatsa lintho tse phelang, le hoja thepa ea tlhaho e atisa ho fokotseha metsing a litšila a limela. Maemong a mang, ho tlosoa ha naetrojene ka nitrification le denitrification ho ka hlokahala haeba maemo a limatlafatsi a phahame.
3. Phekolo ea Thuto e Phahameng: Mekhoa e tsoetseng pele e kang phapanyetsano ea ion, reverse osmosis (RO), le mekhoa e tsoetseng pele ea oxidation (AOPs) e sebelisoa ho tlosa matsoai a qhibilihileng, ho latela litšepe, le litšila leha e le life tse setseng tse neng li ke ke tsa tlosoa mehatong ea pele. Membrane filtration e ka boela ea sebelisoa ho sebetsana le likaroloana tse ntle le metsoako ea recalcitrant.
4. Lits'ebetso tsa Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD): Mechini e mengata ea motlakase e ikemiselitse ho ZLD, moo metsi a litšila a hloekisoang le ho sebelisoa hape ka har'a setsi, ho fokotsa ho tsoa. Sena se kenyelletsa mahlale a tsoetseng pele joalo ka mouoane le crystallization ho tlosa maro a setseng.
5. Tšoaro ea Leretse: Leretse le hlahisoang ke mekhoa ea phekolo (mohlala, litšepe tsa tšepe, lerala la lime) li tlameha ho tsitsisoa le ho lahloa, hangata tse hlokang mekhoa e teteaneng, ea ho ntša metsi, le mekhoa e sireletsehileng ea ho lahla ka lebaka la boteng ba litšepe tse chefo.
Litlhoko tse Khethehileng tsa MBBR Media ha e sebelisoa ka Biological Aeration Tanks bakeng sa ho hloekisa metsi a litšila a semela sa Matla
1. Sebaka se Phahameng ka ho Fetisisa bakeng sa Khōlo ea Likokoana-hloko: Mecha ea litaba ea MBBR e lokela ho fana ka sebaka se seholo sa holimo ho tšehetsa likokoana-hloko tsa likokoana-hloko tse khonang ho senya lintho tse phelang 'me, ha ho hlokahala, li fetola metsoako ea naetrojene. Le hoja metsi a litšila a fektheri a na le lintho tse fokolang tsa tlhaho, mecha ea litaba e ntse e tlameha ho khothalletsa ts'ebetso e sebetsang ea likokoana-hloko.
2. Ho hanyetsa Mocheso le Lik'hemik'hale: Ka lebaka la mocheso o phahameng le monyetla oa ho silafala ha lik'hemik'hale (mohlala, ho tloha FGD metsi a litšila kapa boiler blowdown), mecha ea litaba ea MBBR e tlameha ho tsitsa ka mocheso le ho hanyetsa ho bola ka lik'hemik'hale tse kang sulfate le chloride. Hangata ho sebelisoa polyethylene (HDPE) kapa lisebelisoa tse tšoanang.
3. Tšehetso ea Nitrification le Denitrification: Maemong ao metsi a litšila a nang le metsoako ea naetrojene (mohlala, ammonia ho tloha FGD), mecha ea litaba ea MBBR e lokela ho tšehetsa kholo ea metse e khethehileng ea likokoana-hloko bakeng sa mekhoa ea nitrification le denitrification. Kabo e nepahetseng ea oksijene ka har'a biofilm e bohlokoa ho netefatsa ho tlosoa ha naetrojene ka katleho.
4. Fouling e tlaase le ho tšoarella nako e telele: Mecha ea litaba e tlameha ho hanela ho silafatsoa ke lintho tse tiileng tse emisitsoeng, metsoako ea sekhahla, le ntho leha e le efe e nang le likaroloana tse teng metsing a litšila. Sena se tiisa hore mecha ea litaba e lula e sebetsa ka nako e telele ntle le ho hlokomeloa khafetsa. Mecha ea litaba e tšoarellang e khonang ho mamella maemo a thata a ts'ebetso e bohlokoa.
5. Ho Ikamahanya le Phallo le Mejaro e Fetohang: Lits'ebetso tsa ho hloekisa metsi a litšila tsa semela sa motlakase li ka ba le phapang ea phallo le likhakanyo tse silafatsang, haholo-holo nakong ea ts'ebetso e phahameng haholo. Mecha ea litaba ea MBBR e tlameha ho ikamahanya le maemo ana a feto-fetohang, ho boloka ts'ebetso e tsitsitseng tlasa meroalo e fapaneng ea hydraulic.
Qetello
Tlhokomelo ea metsi a litšila ea setsi sa motlakase e bohlokoa bakeng sa ho laola mefuta e fapaneng ea litšila e hlahisoang nakong ea tlhahiso ea motlakase, ho kenyeletsoa litšepe tse boima, lintho tse tiileng tse emisitsoeng, le metsoako ea letsoai. Ts'ebetso ea kalafo hangata e kenyelletsa mekhoa e kopaneng ea 'mele, ea lik'hemik'hale le ea tlhaho, 'me theknoloji ea MBBR e bapala karolo ea bobeli kalafong ea ho tlosoa ha 'mele le limatlafatsi. Katleho ea ts'ebetso ea MBBR e itšetlehile ka litšobotsi tsa mecha ea phatlalatso, e lokelang ho fana ka sebaka se phahameng sa ho hōla ha likokoana-hloko, ho hanela mocheso o phahameng le litšila tsa lik'hemik'hale, le ho thibela litšila. Ka ho khetha mecha ea litaba ea MBBR e nepahetseng, metsi a litšila a ka hloekisoa hantle ho ea ka maemo a tikoloho, a tšehetsa ho sebelisoa bocha ha metsi, le ho fokotsa sebaka sa polante ea tikoloho.